Roles of short-chain fatty acids in kidney diseases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

OBJECTIVE@#In kidney diseases, uncontrolled blood pressure, inflammation, oxidative stress, imbalanced immunity response, and metabolic dysfunction were associated with the progressive deterioration of renal function. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as a group of metabolites fermented by gut microbiota exerted regulatory effects on kidney diseases through their activation of trans-membrane G protein-coupled receptors and their inhibition of histone acetylation. In this review article, we updated recent research advances that provided an opportunity to explore our understanding in physiology and function of SCFAs in kidney disease.@*DATA SOURCES@#We performed a comprehensive search in both PubMed and Embase using "short-chain fatty acids" and "kidney" with no restrictions on publication date.@*STUDY SELECTION@#After reading through the title and abstract for early screening, the full text of relevant studies was identified and reviewed to summarize the roles of SCFAs in kidney diseases.@*RESULTS@#Though controversial, growing evidence suggested SCFAs appeared to have a complex but yet poorly understood communications with cellular and molecular processes that affected kidney function and responses to injury. From recent studies, SCFAs influenced multiple aspects of renal physiology including inflammation and immunity, fibrosis, blood pressure, and energy metabolism.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The roles of intestinal SCFAs in kidney diseases were exciting regions in recent years; however, clinical trials and animal experiments in kidney diseases were still lacked. Thus, more research would be needed to obtain better understanding of SCFAs' potential effects in kidney diseases.

Roles of short-chain fatty acids in kidney diseases / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Objective:@#In kidney diseases, uncontrolled blood pressure, inflammation, oxidative stress, imbalanced immunity response, and metabolic dysfunction were associated with the progressive deterioration of renal function. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as a group of metabolites fermented by gut microbiota exerted regulatory effects on kidney diseases through their activation of transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors and their inhibition of histone acetylation. In this review article, we updated recent research advances that provided an opportunity to explore our understanding in physiology and function of SCFAs in kidney disease.@*Data sources:@#We performed a comprehensive search in both PubMed and Embase using "short-chain fatty acids" and "kidney" with no restrictions on publication date.@*Study selection:@#After reading through the title and abstract for early screening, the full text of relevant studies was identified and reviewed to summarize the roles of SCFAs in kidney diseases.@*Results:@#Though controversial, growing evidence suggested SCFAs appeared to have a complex but yet poorly understood communications with cellular and molecular processes that affected kidney function and responses to injury. From recent studies, SCFAs influenced multiple aspects of renal physiology including inflammation and immunity, fibrosis, blood pressure, and energy metabolism.@*Conclusions:@#The roles of intestinal SCFAs in kidney diseases were exciting regions in recent years; however, clinical trials and animal experiments in kidney diseases were still lacked. Thus, more research would be needed to obtain better understanding of SCFAs’ potential effects in kidney diseases.

Endobronchial ultrasound elastography in diagnosis of mediastinal lymph nodes / 中国内镜杂志

Objective To evaluate the value of endobronchial ultrasound elastography in diagnosis of mediastinal lymph nodes by measuring the parameters of endobronchial ultrasound elastography. Methods Between 2016 and 2017, 46 patients with 63 lesions underwent EBUS-TBNA examination were included. Conventional ultrasound and ultrasound elastography were performed respectively to examine 63 lymph nodes before aspiration. Then various features of conventional ultrasound and parameters of ultrasound elastography were analyzed and recorded. Then evaluate the value of ultrasound elastography by pathological results and three-month follow-up data. Result The diagnostic value of ultrasound elastography image type, elasticity score, strain ratio and blue area ratio for malignant lymph nodes were higher than that of conventional ultrasound features in accuracy, sensitivity and specificity (P < 0.05); The accuracy of the boundary was the highest in the diagnosis of malignant lymph nodes. In the ultrasound elastography parameters, the accuracy of the elasticity score was the highest, and the blue area ratio had the largest area under the curve. When the boundary was used as the joint index to judge malignant lymph nodes with elasticity score and area ratio respectively, significantly higher than the diagnostic accuracy of conventional ultrasound and ultrasound elastography alone (P < 0.05). Conclusion The value of ultrasound elastography parameter in mediastinal lymph nodes diagnosis is higher than the conventional ultrasound features and a combination of both applications can improve discrimination accuracy of benign and malignant lymph nodes.

Isolation of cytotoxic compounds from the seeds of Crataegus pinnatifida / 中国天然药物

AIM@#To study the chemical constituents and bioactivity of the seeds of Crataegus pinnatifida.@*METHODS@#The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by macroporous adsorptive resin D101, silica gel, and ODS column chromatography, and preparative HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods. In addition, the cytotoxic activities of compounds 1-4 were investigated on OPM2 and RPMI-8226 cells.@*RESULTS@#Four compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as (7S, 8S)-4-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy]-3, 5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde (1), (+)-balanophonin (2), erythro-guaiacylglycerol-β-coniferyl aldehyde ether (3), buddlenol A (4).@*CONCLUSION@#Compound 1 is a novel norlignan, while compounds 1-4 exhibited marginal inhibition on the proliferation of OPM2 and RPMI-8226 cells.

Expression of proteins in serum and hippocampus after closed brain injury in rats / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the difference of expression of proteins between the serum and hippocampus after brain injury in rats.@*METHODS@#Male SD rats were used to establish brain injury model. The changes of proteins expression profile in serum and hippocampus at different time after brain injury were analyzed using weak cationic exchanger (WCX2) chips and immobilized metal affinity capture arrays-Cu (IMAC-Cu) chips by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.@*RESULTS@#A total of 436 protein peaks were detected in serum and 346 protein peaks were detected in hippocampus using WCX2 chips. A total of 229 protein peaks were detected in serum and 345 protein peaks were detected in hippocampus using IMAC-Cu chips. The same 10 protein peaks were respectively detected in serum and hippocampus using WCX2 chips. The same 13 protein peaks were respectively detected in serum and hippocampus using IMAC-Cu chips.@*CONCLUSION@#The changes of protein expression profile in serum and hippocampus are obvious after closed brain injury and show a significant difference. The different proteins detected in serum and hippocampus using the same chip could be biochemical markers for determining brain injury.

Detection of distinct proteins for brain injury rats serum using a protein chip / 中国应用生理学杂志

<p><b>AIM</b>To explore the alteration of serum protein fingerprinting of rats subjected brain injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups, ie, normal control group, sham operation group, injury 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h groups. The change of protein pattern in serum was monitored with weak cationic exchanger chip and surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The reduction of 5648 Da protein expression was detected at 4 h, 8 h or 12 h after injury (P < 0.01, compared with control and sham operation) and recovery at 24 h or 48 h. The increase of 9681 Da protein expression was detected at 4 h, 8 h or 12 h after injury (P < 0.05, compared with control and sham operation) and recovery at 24 h or 48 h.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The alteration of protein expression in serum could be induced after brain injury.</p>

C-mycprotein expression upregulated by 2-(3-estrone-N-ethyl piperazine-methyl) tetracycline in bone / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the effect of XW630 on expression of pro-oncogene c-myc in the long bones of fetal mice in vitro for postulating the mechanism by which XW630 exerts its effect on bone.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The fetuses of pregnant mice were removed on day 16 of gestation, the long bones of the forelimbs of female fetal mice were freed of muscle and soft tissue and cultured in a specific device for 48 h in BGJb medium treated with 1 x 10(-7), 1 x 10(-8) and 1 x 10(-9) mol.L-1 XW630 in the final medium. After cultured for 48 h, the long bones were harvested and immunohistochemical analysis was performed for determination of c-Myc protein expression in epiphyseal plates. The areas of positive cells in the resting zone, proliferative zone and hypertrophic zone in epiphyseal plate were determined under image analytic system.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>When the concentration of XW630 in the medium was 1 x 10(-9) mol.L-1, the area of c-Myc positive cells increased in the proliferative zone compared with 1 x 10(-9) mol.L-1 in the estrone group, significant increase was also observed in the resting zone compared with the control group. When the concentration of XW630 in medium was 1 x 10(-8) or 1 x 10(-7) mol.L-1, stronger expression than that in the control group and the estrone group at the same concentration was observed in each of the three zones.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The estrogenic effect of XW630 on bone was stronger than that of estrone. XW630 may promote proliferation and differentiation of chondroncytes by promoting c-Myc protein expression in chondroncytes. Thus, endochondral bone formation was enhanced.</p>